Design for Sustainability

Electronic waste

in India

Sustainable design solutions to everyday single use plastics

Sustainable design solutions to everyday single use plastics

India is the world's third largest e-waste generator, yet most of it disappears into an informal sector that recycles without regulation, safety, or accountability. This is a systems design study of why and where design can intervene.

India is the world's third largest e-waste generator, yet most of it disappears into an informal sector that recycles without regulation, safety, or accountability. This is a systems design study of why and where design can intervene.

Systems Thinking

Policy Design

Designing for Future

Design & Poetry

Artwork credit: Lalitya Krishnan | Tool: Procreate

Institution

Institution

NID Bengaluru

NID Bengaluru

Project Type

Project Type

Systems thinking

Systems thinking

Project Role

Project Role

Designer

Designer

Duration

Duration

10 Weeks | 2022

10 Weeks | 2022

Faculty Mentor

Faculty Mentor

Mr. Balaji Rengarajan

Mr. Balaji Rengarajan

Target Audience

Target Audience

EEE Indian Users

EEE Indian Users

*Electronics & Electrical Equipment

Electronic goods and increased digital connectivity drive global development, supporting everything from education and healthcare to the 17 SDGs. This reliance has only intensified recently, as the pandemic permanently accelerated the global shift toward digitalization in business and daily life.

Electronic goods and increased digital connectivity drive global development, supporting everything from education and healthcare to the 17 SDGs. This reliance has only intensified recently, as the pandemic permanently accelerated the global shift toward digitalization in business and daily life.

However, the current lifecycle of electronics is highly unsustainable, demanding a major systemic reboot. The world now generates approximately 50 million tonnes of e-waste annually, yet only 20% is formally recycled. If production, consumption, and disposal habits remain unchanged, this waste is projected to more than double to 120 million tonnes per year by 2050.

However, the current lifecycle of electronics is highly unsustainable, demanding a major systemic reboot. The world now generates approximately 50 million tonnes of e-waste annually, yet only 20% is formally recycled. If production, consumption, and disposal habits remain unchanged, this waste is projected to more than double to 120 million tonnes per year by 2050.

Design Framework

5D design

process

The 5D framework, Discover, Describe, Determine, Develop, Deliver, gave structure to a problem space that is vast, non-linear, and easy to get lost in. Each phase had a clear output that fed the next, turning open-ended research into a focused design intervention. For systems thinking work, that kind of staged discipline isn't a constraint, it's what makes the complexity navigable.

The 5D framework, Discover, Describe, Determine, Develop, Deliver, gave structure to a problem space that is vast, non-linear, and easy to get lost in. Each phase had a clear output that fed the next, turning open-ended research into a focused design intervention. For systems thinking work, that kind of staged discipline isn't a constraint, it's what makes the complexity navigable.

  1. Discover

Introduction

  • Identifying the area

  • Understanding area

  1. Describe

Systems thinking

  • Area briefing

  • Research insights

  • Brainstorming

Systems mapping

  • Sequence mapping

  • Stakeholder mapping

  • Causal loop diagram

  • Unfolding the systems

Systems understanding

  • Social impact

  • Environmental impact

  • Economical impact

  1. Determine

Potential areas to work

  • Opportunity mapping

  • Identifying the potential areas

Target area

  • Target area: why & how?

  • Understanding the focus area

  • Understanding the end users

  • Validating the hypothesis

  1. Develop

Communication strategies

  • What, how & why?

  • Current practices

  • Identifying the challenges

Design brief

  • Design brief

  • Demographics

  1. Deliver

Proposed solutions

  • Persona: challenges & goals

  • Communication strategies

  • Planning & execution

  • Future scope of the project

Reflection

What this project taught me

Working through this problem made one thing clear: complexity in a system does not require complexity in the solution, it requires accuracy. The entire research process was in service of finding two points where a small, well-placed intervention could travel further than anything larger.

The curriculum module works because it shapes the generation that hasn't formed its habits yet. The warranty pledge works because it converts a passive moment, product registration, into an active one. Neither required anything new to be built. Both were hidden inside things that already existed: a card in a box, a chapter in a textbook.

The design problem was never "what do we build?" It was "what do we redesign, and what do we ask of it?" That shift, from building to redesigning, from solving to repositioning, is what systems thinking actually produces when it works.

Guided by Mr. Balaji Rengarajan

·

Graduation project 2022

·

NID Bengaluru

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for the scroll.

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Context

Research

Design

Design for Sustainability

Feel free to reach out,

+91 9453 558721

|

krishnan.lalitya@gmail.com

|

Designed with

By Lalitya Krishnan

|

© 2026 All rights reserved

Feel free to reach out,

+91 9453 558721

krishnan.lalitya@gmail.com

Designed with

By Lalitya Krishnan

© 2026 All rights reserved